bibliosferaБиблиосфераBibliosphere1815-31862712-7931ГПНТБ СО РАН10.20913/1815-3186-2024-2-5-12bibliosfera-2050Research ArticleМИР БИБЛИОТЕКLIBRARY WORLDПубличная библиотека как общественное благо: от цифрового разрыва к цифровой инклюзииPublic Libraries in Foreign Countries: From Digital Gap to Digital Inclusionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-6187ВаргановаГ. В.VarganovaG. V.

Варганова Галина Владимировна, доктор пед. наук, профессор кафедры библиотековедения и теории чтения

Дворцовая наб., 2, Санкт- Петербург, 191186

Varganova Galina Vladimirovna, Doctor of Pedagogic Sciences, Professor

2 Dvortsovaja naberezhnaja, Saint-Petersburg, 191186

interel@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный институт культурыРоссияSaint-Petersburg State Institute of CultureRussian Federation20242604202402512Copyright © Варганова Г.В., 20242024Варганова Г.В.Varganova G.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bibliosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2050

Информационно-коммуникационные технологии влияют на деятельность библиотеки как общественного блага, призванного оперативно и полно обеспечивать потребности различных социально-демографических слоев населения. Цифровой разрыв оказывает воздействие на деятельность самой библиотеки, стремящейся создать условия для социального благополучия населения. Повышается роль публичных библиотек: в сокращении цифрового разрыва; укреплении материально-технической базы, технологической инфраструктуры; выявлении уязвимых слоев населения, не имеющих доступа к компьютерам, широкополосному интернету и не владеющих цифровой грамотностью. Большая работа проводится по цифровой инклюзии различных групп населения, которая рассматривается как инструмент решения личных, общественных и профессиональных проблем человека. Эффективность цифровой инклюзии во многом зависит от профессиональных компетентностей сотрудников библиотек, от их умения разработать программы овладения цифровой грамотностью обслуживаемого населения для его вхождения в цифровой мир. Охарактеризован сетевой подход к обучению библиотечных специалистов цифровой грамотности как наиболее гибкий и способствующий трансляции положительного опыта на большие группы обучающихся. Акцентируется значимость партнерства публичных библиотек в обучении населения цифровой грамотности с государственными органами власти, университетами, исследовательскими центрами и благотворительными фондами.

Information and communication technologies affect the library performance as a public good, intended to efficient and complete response to the social agenda of various socio-demographic population groups. The digital gap has an impact on a library within the framework of creation conditions for the social well-being of the population. The role of public libraries is increasing in reducing the digital gap, strengthening the material and technical base, technological infrastructure, identifying digitally disadvantaged groups of population that tend to use library computers and broadband Internet more frequently than those who are more advantaged. Attention is paid to digital inclusion which is considered to be the instrument for solving personal, social and professional needs of representatives of various population groups. The effectiveness of digital inclusion largely depends on the professional competencies of library professionals, on their ability to develop programs for library users to help them assess the digital readiness to enter the digital world. The network approach to training library professionals in digital literacy is characterized as the most flexible form that facilitates translation of positive experience to large groups of library specialists. The importance of partnership in promotion the necessity of digital literacy between public libraries with government authorities, universities, research centers and charitable foundations is stressed.

публичные библиотекицифровой разрывцифровое неравенствоцифровая инклюзиямодель цифрового неравенствапартнерство публичных библиотекpublic librariesdigital dividedigital inequalitydigital inclusiondigital literacydigital inequality modelpublic libraries partnershipReferencesБричка Е. И., Евлахова Ю. С. Три уровня цифрового неравенства населения России в финансовой сфере // Финансовый журнал. 2023. Т. 15, № 6. С. 93–109Brichka EI and Evlakhova YuS (2023) Three levels of digital inequality of the Russian population in the financial sector. Finansovyi zhurnal 15 (6): 93–109. (In Russ.).Воронина Н. С. Гендерный аспект цифрового неравенства в России // Мир России. 2023. № 3. С. 52–70Voronina NS (2023) The gender aspect of digital inequality in Russia. Mir Rossii 3: 52–70. (In Russ.).Гладкова А. А., Гарифуллин В. З., Рагнедда М. Модель трех уровней цифрового неравенства: современные возможности и ограничения (на примере исследования Республики Татарстан) // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 10, Журналистика. 2019. № 4. С. 41–72Gladkova AA, Garifullin VZ and Ragnedda M (2019) Model of three levels of the digital divide: current advantages and limitations (as exemplified by the Republic of Tatarstan). Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 10, Zhurnalistika 4: 41–72. (In Russ.).Михнова И. Б., Хохлова М. А. Цифровая грамотность: как соединить потребности населения и возможности библиотек // Университетская книга. 2021. № 8. С. 68–75Mikhnova IB and Khokhlova MA (2021) Digital literacy: how to connect the needs of the population and the capabilities of libraries. Universitetskaya kniga 8: 68–75. (In Russ.).Пашков М. В., Пашкова В. М., Старостенко В. А. Транснациональное онлайн-образование цифровое неравенство: проблемы педагогического дизайна // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Социология. 2022. Т. 15, № 1. C. 78–97Pashkov MV, Pashkova VM and Starostenko VA (2022) Transnational online education and digital inequality: problems of pedagogical design. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Sotsiologiya 15 (1): 78–97. (In Russ.).Плотичкина Н. В. Цифровая инклюзия: теоретическая рефлексия и публичная политика // Вестник Томского государственного университета. Философия. Политология. Социология. 2020. № 58. С. 116–225Plotichkina NV (2020) Digital inclusion: theoretical reflection and public policy. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Politologiya. Sotsiologiya 58: 116–225. (In Russ.).Столяров Ю. Н. Современный проблемно-ситуационный дискурс разработки общих вопросов библиотековедения // Библиотековедение. 2022. Т. 71, № 2. С. 119–128Stolyarov YuN (2022) Development of general issues of library science: modern problem and situational discourse. Bibliotekovedenie 71 (2): 119–128. (In Russ.).Bertrot JC (2003) The multiple dimension of the digital divide: more than technology «haves» and «have nots». Government Information Quarterly 20 (2): 185–191.Bertrot JC (2003) The multiple dimension of the digital divide: more than technology «haves» and «have nots». Government Information Quarterly 20 (2): 185–191.Bronzino F, Feamster N, Liu S, Saxon J and Schmitt P (2021) Mapping the digital divide: before, during, and after COVID-19. TPRC48: The 48th Research conference on communication, information and Internet policy. URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3786158 (accessed 19.02.2024).Bronzino F, Feamster N, Liu S, Saxon J and Schmitt P (2021) Mapping the digital divide: before, during, and after COVID-19. TPRC48: The 48th Research conference on communication, information and Internet policy. URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3786158 (accessed 19.02.2024).Du JT, Xie I and Waycott J (2020) Marginalized communities, emerging technologies, and social innovation in the digital age: introduction to the special issue. Information Processing and Managemen 57 (3): 102235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102235.Du JT, Xie I and Waycott J (2020) Marginalized communities, emerging technologies, and social innovation in the digital age: introduction to the special issue. Information Processing and Managemen 57 (3): 102235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102235.Eynon R (2022) Utilising a critical realist lens to conceptualise digital inequality: the eхperiencies of less well-off Internet users. Social Science Computer Review 41 (3): 1081–1096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211069662.Eynon R (2022) Utilising a critical realist lens to conceptualise digital inequality: the eхperiencies of less well-off Internet users. Social Science Computer Review 41 (3): 1081–1096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211069662.Fei Li (2022) Disconnected in a pandemic: COVID-19 outcomes and the digital divide in the United States. Health & Place 77: 102867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102867.Fei Li (2022) Disconnected in a pandemic: COVID-19 outcomes and the digital divide in the United States. Health & Place 77: 102867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102867.Gilster P (1997) Digital literacy. New York [et al.]: John Wiley and Sons.Gilster P (1997) Digital literacy. New York [et al.]: John Wiley and Sons.Gurtstein M (2003) Effective use: a community informatics strategy beyond the Digital Divide. First Monday 8 (12). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v8i12.1107.Gurtstein M (2003) Effective use: a community informatics strategy beyond the Digital Divide. First Monday 8 (12). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v8i12.1107.Inamdar SA (2020) The role of libraries in promoting digital literacy in the 21century. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) 8 (8): 502–505.Inamdar SA (2020) The role of libraries in promoting digital literacy in the 21century. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) 8 (8): 502–505.Kinney B (2010) The Internet, public libraries, and the digital divide. Public Library Quarterly 29 (2): 104–161.Kinney B (2010) The Internet, public libraries, and the digital divide. Public Library Quarterly 29 (2): 104–161.Kuhn C, Khoo SM, Czerniewicz L, Lilley W, Bute S, Crean A, Abegglen S, Burns T, Sinfield S, Jandric P, Knox J and Mackenzie A (2023) Understanding digital inequality: a theoretical kaleidoscope. Postdigital Science and Education 5 (3): 894–932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-023-00395-8.Kuhn C, Khoo SM, Czerniewicz L, Lilley W, Bute S, Crean A, Abegglen S, Burns T, Sinfield S, Jandric P, Knox J and Mackenzie A (2023) Understanding digital inequality: a theoretical kaleidoscope. Postdigital Science and Education 5 (3): 894–932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-023-00395-8.Modiba TM and Bopape S (2018) Users’ perspectives on computers and Internet services offered by public libraries in bridging the digital divide in Ngaka Modiri Molema district. Moisiaon South African Journal of Information Studies 35 (4): 2155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/2155.Modiba TM and Bopape S (2018) Users’ perspectives on computers and Internet services offered by public libraries in bridging the digital divide in Ngaka Modiri Molema district. Moisiaon South African Journal of Information Studies 35 (4): 2155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/2155.Mubarak F, Suomi R and Kantola SP (2020) Confirming the links between socio-economic variables and digitalization worldwide: the unsettled debate on digital divide. Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society 18 (3): 415–430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-02-2019-0021.Mubarak F, Suomi R and Kantola SP (2020) Confirming the links between socio-economic variables and digitalization worldwide: the unsettled debate on digital divide. Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society 18 (3): 415–430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-02-2019-0021.Pun R (2021) Understanding the roles of public libraries and digital exclusion through critical race theory: an exploratory study of people of color in California affected by the digital divide and the pandemic. Urban Library Journal 26 (2): 1. URL: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/ulj/vol26/iss2/1 (accessed 19.02.2024).Pun R (2021) Understanding the roles of public libraries and digital exclusion through critical race theory: an exploratory study of people of color in California affected by the digital divide and the pandemic. Urban Library Journal 26 (2): 1. URL: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/ulj/vol26/iss2/1 (accessed 19.02.2024).Robinson L, Ragnedda M and Schulz J (2020) Digital inequalities: contextualizing problems and solutions. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 18 (3): 323–327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-05-2020-0064.Robinson L, Ragnedda M and Schulz J (2020) Digital inequalities: contextualizing problems and solutions. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 18 (3): 323–327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-05-2020-0064.Scheerder A, van Deursen A and van Dijk J (2017) Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes. A systematic review of the second- and third-level digital divide. Telematics and Informatics 34 (8): 1607–1624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.07.007.Scheerder A, van Deursen A and van Dijk J (2017) Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes. A systematic review of the second- and third-level digital divide. Telematics and Informatics 34 (8): 1607–1624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.07.007.Stevenson S (2009) Digital divide: a discursive move away from the real inequalities. The Information Society 25 (1): 1–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240802587539.Stevenson S (2009) Digital divide: a discursive move away from the real inequalities. The Information Society 25 (1): 1–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240802587539.Suman Barath P and Sudhier KG (2023) Role of public libraries in bridging the digital divide: study of Kerala State Central Library. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology 43 (5): 329–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.43.05.18531.Suman Barath P and Sudhier KG (2023) Role of public libraries in bridging the digital divide: study of Kerala State Central Library. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology 43 (5): 329–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.43.05.18531.Tsuria R (2020) Digital divide in light of religion, gender, and women’s digital participation. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 18 (3): 405–413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-03-2020-0028.Tsuria R (2020) Digital divide in light of religion, gender, and women’s digital participation. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 18 (3): 405–413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-03-2020-0028.Van Deursen A and van Dijk J (2014) The digital divide shifts to differences in usage. New Media and Society 16 (3): 507–526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487959.Van Deursen A and van Dijk J (2014) The digital divide shifts to differences in usage. New Media and Society 16 (3): 507–526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487959.Warschuer M (2003) Demystifying the digital divide. Scientific American 289 (2): 42–47.Warschuer M (2003) Demystifying the digital divide. Scientific American 289 (2): 42–47.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.