«Own» Siberian and Far Eastern networks formed by bookselling enterprises «Primorsk Trade House of Books» (1926), «Sibverk», (1991), «Mirs» (1992), «ProdaLit’» (1996), «Aristotel’» (2011) etc. determine the state of bookselling space in the region. By 2017, «ProdaLit’» is a powerful bookselling network with 54 stores (45 to 2000 m², totaling 21697.5 m²) in four constituent entities of the Russian Federation (15 cities) and an Internet-shop. In 2016, the retail direction of the company was 67%, wholesale - 33%. The share of books in the company's turnover was 44.7% in 2015, and 43.2% in 2016. The company actively promotes the idea of a bookstore as a modern cultural and leisure center (CDC). The fate of the Far Eastern wholesale and retail network leader «MIRS» created in 1992 in Khabarovsk is similar in the history and present-day condition. In 2017, the network consisted of a head office in Khabarovsk, six wholesale branches, a distribution warehouse in Moscow, 63 storehouses (from 18 to 765 m², in total, 16796.39 m²) in 16 cities and an online store. The contribution of the book assortment to the company turnover is about 30%. The company develops wholesale and retail directions; has introduced several bookstore formats into bookselling practice, the discount store «Plyushkin» (26 stores of 63 ones) has recently become the most prevalent. Each Siberian and Far Eastern cities with a population above 100,000 people has several local bookselling companies. The largest are: «Center-book» (Omsk, 12 stores), «City bestseller» (Krasnoyarsk, 26 stores and 7 departments), Svetlana (Irkutsk, 12 stores), Globus (Vladivostok, 7 stores), «Book Club Plus» (Tomsk, 7 stores), etc. The main characteristics of the regional network book trade are: · uneven development, unstable condition; · the greatest influence / significant effect of own regional networks on the local bookselling landscape: both through increasing the number of stores (retail), and providing logistics services to other booksellers in the region (wholesale direction); · creation and use of various formats of retail and wholesale-retail trade, as well as their combinations, taking into account the regional specifics; · diversification of activities; · organization of own online stores; · active propaganda of reading: stores become cultural and leisure centers; create and develop their own programs to support and develop reading and books; implement social projects; · raising competition with the market development. In general, significant, and sometimes determining, online bookselling companies effect on the regional bookselling landscape formation.

The books’ role in the German Enlightenment discourse explores the intersection of different but complementary disciplines: bibliology, philosophy of culture and «text linguistics», as well as the history of literature that expands the possibilities of studying cultural and public communication. A text (magazine, book) is interpreted as a mechanism that controls the process of learning and understanding. To illustrate the study theoretical foundations, the author considers the historical practice of the literary era in Germany in 1770-1790. The struggle of «cilturtregers» to renew German culture moved from the political sphere to journalism and literature. The author concludes that the book (both scientific and artistic) and reading became a factor of social communication. The struggle for the renewal of German culture, its national identity preservation due to a number of historical reasons hindering the development of the country moved from the political sphere to the journalism and literature field. It was closely connected with the whole complex of the European Enlightenment ideas. The book - both scientific (philosophical work, art treatise) and artistic one (literary and journalistic composition, dramatic creation, etc.) became an indispensable tool of the nation aesthetic education. In such circumstances, a book obtains the significance of not only the «source of knowledge» but a kind of «catechism» to struggle for national culture. Thus, considering a book text as a phenomenon of the German culture of the Enlightenment century with ideological and aesthetic significance, it should be especially notes that such a «text» (a book of scientific, philosophical, moralistic or artistic content) is addressed both to a specific reader, a representative of some class, and to a «collective reader». The German novel (it is the genre of «trivial» literature that is considered directly) is a product of the era. The dialogue «author - reader» (or a complicated triad «author - publisher - reader») was the basis of the nation estetic education. Reading became a fact (and a factor) of social communication. The German book has been transformed from an expensive and exclusive «source of knowledge» targeted for scientists, connoisseurs of «beauty» to a catechism (available for the ordinary reader) of the national struggle to preserve the German culture self-existence and to acquaint the nation to the treasures of the world classical «ancient» and modern literature.

The article is devoted to the analysis of corporate publications in the corporate culture system. A corporate publication is a new type of edition, which started to develop actively in Russia in the 1990s. To date, it is a complex of different types of publications: books, periodicals, small-print products, as well as websites, mobile applications, etc. as a variety form of corporate publications that perform similar functions. The study objective is to identify functions of book corporate publications, their place in the corporate culture system. The research methodology consists of a combination of a functional-typological method, a comparative-typological technique, and content analysis. The author identifies a range of problems facing the corporate publication study: absence of the «corporate publication» notion in the categorical-conceptual apparatus of bibliology; lack of statistical accounting; need to identify the essential characteristics of corporate publications, which include their functional purpose. The book edition performs specific functions, the main of which is forming the image and corporate culture. The corporate edition is a reflection of the visual and verbal brand system, a channel of communication and corporate advertising.

The article is based on the report made at the conference devoted to the 100^th anniversary of the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author compares different information concepts, characterizes them constructively and considers achievements of information study based on such approaches as «reflected variety», «stored choice», «sense expressed by means of communicative signs», which are regarded as obligatory procedures of information appearance/creation. The author presents own concept of information and information resources called adaptive-evolutionary one. While working out the concept, the author reveals the features of information including it into adaptive tools as well as properties formed this phenomenon. The paper shows the distinction between the concepts of «information» and «information resources» from the positions of gnoseology and onthology, in addition a functional approach to study the information phenomena is applied. Thus, based on a complex of scientific procedures the author restores speculatively the information genesis; defines its nature (generic characteristic); determines the information species properties and functions, which point it out of other facilities of human adaptation to material and social environment. Multilateral consideration of information and information resources allowed the author to make an essential definition of semantic information and information resources.

Both the library education system and Russian education system as a whole undergo a period of large-scale transformations: changing concepts and technologies; revising educational standards of higher and secondary vocational education; developing the system of additional vocational training; forming the electronic educational environment in the practice of teaching students and listeners of the supplementary education system; searching ways for educational institutions and libraries joint development. It is advisable to create information and methodological support of activities in the field of continuous library education in such conditions. The database «Library Education Institutions» generated by SPSTL SB RAS is regarded to be a base of the unified information-educational space in the field of continuous library education, which information should be used to support the educational process of specialized institutions of all levels of education training and forms in the country. It represents the system of library education in the form of a hierarchy of different levels of education, a network of specialized educational institutions in the regions, different types of educational institutions, standard and individual educational curricula, etc. The database main objectives are the following: cumulating information; searching educational institutions, programs; providing statistical information on issues related to education in Russia. A user can create a model of continuous library education in a specific region and organize the work of educational institutions and libraries to improve the librarian professionalism applying the information provided by the database «Library Education Institutions» according to a complex query.

The problem of working with library personnel is among the most discussed issues in the professional community over several decades. The analysis of publications and reports of public libraries has showed that the list of main topical problems has not changed for years; changes have mainly touched the issue content: the state of vocational education (infrastructure state and development, training quality, students outflow to other professions, interaction of universities and libraries as employers; professional development; the professional culture loss and degradation; the personnel management state; the profession image; the professional community rigidity; information lack on issues of working with personnel. As the most of these problems remain unsolved for several decades, it is possible to characterize the state of studying and taking measures to eliminate them as poorly satisfactory.

The problems of demand is extremely significant for scientific and technical libraries (STL). The libraries within organizations depend directly on the support of people who make decisions. Their value for the enterprise development is no longer as obvious for senior management. There is a temptation to attribute STL’ low status not only to the «unfriendly» information policy by the management, but to admit that this problem is communicatory in a greater degree. The demand for any library is closely related to the establishing the connection with stakeholders. To generate user and non-user awareness, and raise conversance on available services and resources, STL need to find ways to promote services and resources. In the services marketing, promotion is any communicative activity which object is forming and stimulating interests to a product, organization or activity. STL need to choose the right vector of their activity, to reveal «bottleneck», overcoming which the library is able to take on. The paper represents preliminary results of a survey of STLs’ employees to identify the most perspective services (from the point of respondents’ view). It concludes that the majority of respondents noted the insufficient demand for library services, which is reflected in decrease in number of visits and printed publications demands. In this regard, STLs try to create digital collections and introduce modern services according to their technical equipment. Modern specialist lives under the time deficiency conditions. As a result, there is a lack of time to read including professional literature. Therefore, as a popular service is the preparation of thematic collections and digests. According to some respondents, «library staff should be ready to compile texts on request». In general, this is quite consistent with the global trend, the manifestation of which is the growing popularity of projects such as «Short Reading» and «Smart reading». Respondents indicated the relevance of such areas as intellectual property management. At the same time, they noted the insufficient level of existing competencies. STLs should be a guide of information culture for their users. The library is quite capable to occupy this niche, acting as a navigator, consultant and even coach. A similar experience already exists.

The article objective is to trace the process of prison libraries formation and features of their functioning in the XIX century under conditions of changing the Russian penitentiary system evidently for Tobolsk province. The first mention of the libraries is at the beginning of the XIX century. The author shows the book functioning process under prison conditions, its role in prisoners’ life, the first libraries formation as repositories of books and their activity, features of the educational work forms, relationship with the church and school. The initiative of distributing books of spiritual content among prisoners belongs to the church. The Bible Society played a certain role distributing the Bible and St. Scripture at the early XIX century everywhere, including prisons. At the initial stage libraries have been formed at prison churches, which book collections included literature of spiritual and moral content. Opening schools, the book collections got fiction, popular scientific literature on natural sciences and humanities. At the late XIX century every prison castle had own library working in close connection with the church: reading, conversations of spiritual and moral content, loud reading books by literate prisoners. Besides, the book performed leisure functions, contributed to the individual socialization.

The libraries polycultural activities are connected with their work in the polycultural environment. The article deals with the terminology used by libraries for this activities, defines these terms. It reveals reasons for the multicultural librarianship appearance in Europe and creation of IFLA Section «Library services to multicultural populations». The author shows definitions of «multiculturalism» and «multicultural library services» given by the International Guidelines «Library services to multicultural communities»; the difference between the conditions of creation and development of multicultural library services in Europe and the Russian libraries work in the polycultural environment. The paper represents a comparative analysis of such definitions as «multicultural» and «polycultural» by the academic Russian environment and English dictionaries. The author concludes that in our country it would be more correct to use the term «polycultural», which involves the interaction of cultures, unlike the term multicultural meaning the existence of several cultures in a society. That’s why the author speaks about the polycultural activities of Russain libraries, or about their activities in the polycultural environment aimed at interaction and mutual influence of cultures.

Scientometric studies have become an integral part of scientific libraries activities with introducing the state rating system in Russian science. Scientometric studies contribute to study long-term trends in the science development, help to discover interdisciplinary links between publications of scientists from various scientific organizations and different countries, and are a tool to determine the return and payback of public finances investments in science and research projects. Evaluation of scientists’ productivity, contribution of them and scientific organizations to the development of specific field of science or interdisciplinary research is one of the most important theoretical and applied problems in the science of science. Nowadays there is no clear methodology to assess the results of scientific activities in Russia, and all conclusions are based primarily on digital scientometric indicators, such as the number of the author’s publications and references to his work. The study objective is to determine which of the existing criteria, in combination with generally accepted indicators, can serve as a basis to form an idea about the level of contribution of organizations and authors to the interdisciplinary research development. The study has determined the boundaries of monitoring: 1. The level of organizations - scientific institutions of the Ural Federal District. 2. Time coverage: 2000-2018. 3. Subjects of the organizations under study: mathematics, mechanics and computer science; economic sciences; physical and technical sciences; chemical sciences; biological sciences; medical sciences; earth sciences; humanities; agricultural sciences; interdisciplinary problems. Research platforms are Web of Science and Scopus. In accordance with the systems approach principles, the author selects the following evaluation parameters: institute publications amount; documents types; years of publications for the whole period; leading authors; leading research directions; areas with low publications amount; co-sponsoring countries. Selected parameters tend to develop, grow and change, contribute to the information accumulation, further comparative analysis, reflect many scenarios when comparing the criteria. The author reveals a number of problems arising during the information collecting and analyzing: lack of organization profiles; incorrect affiliation; lack of a generally accepted form of words abbreviation in organization names; submitting the information on publications in the account of several organizations; a trouble of accounting the co-authors contribution to the scientific activity results.

The article proposes an algorithm for decoding and representation in natural language of the Universal Decimal Classifycation (UDC) complex class numbers. The algorithm is based on the formal definition of correct class numbers using a generative grammar, which sets the list of structures starting with simple table codes of UDC classes. Then separate integers, auxiliary and independent class numbers are sequentially attached to the codes with special symbols of relations of classes, which compose the complex class number. The algorithm expresses the values of the analyzed complex indices by descriptions (names and notes) of the table classes included in the structure of the analyzed string. The class descriptions are accompanied with the logical connectors based on the functions of the auxiliary characters. They provide the idea on connection of concepts denoted in the class number. The algorithm action is described evidently for the analysis of combined index 539.4.019: [535-15+537.8.029.6]. The proposed algorithm is applicable both to visualize the meaning of complex class numbers, and to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the documents retrieval by the UDC classes.

The article presents the analysis of opportunities of bibliometric methods for information support of research in leading foreign universities according to the world ratings of QS World University Rankings and Academic Ranking of World Universities. The study made it possible to identify information services and information products provided using bibliometric (or scientometric) data and methods in foreign universities, to determine their characteristics, as well as to define the information resources and tools most frequently used to provide selected information services. According to the study results the author reveals the following blocks of the service model of research information support based on bibliometric methods and data in the studied foreign universities.

Library scientists have been actively considering the ways to improve various aspects of library activities recent decades. The most studied problems are the following: libraries innovative development in general, information systems updating, e-resources and services modernization, etc. The paper analyzes the history of creating the most significant complex information resources generated by the Branch of the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It shows that both internal (human, technological) and external (reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences, emerging new software products or platforms) factors can evidently be reasons for upgrading some specific electronic products. Modernization of the library information resources can follow several areas: structure development, content updating, design improvement, changing generation technologies, hard- and software update, providing services based on resources, carrying out promotion activities. Using the e-resources property for continuous transformation, it’s possible to increase their life cycle significantly. At the same time, the main goal of modernizing library information resources is to improve their quality. The library information resources updating is a natural process in some extend permitting to improve content and service components of a resource for its providing in a modern form to a wide range of users. The choice of the resource improvement direction depends on its relevance, and developers’ competence level.

The Russian Academy of Sciences Library (RASL) is a unique institution being at the same time one of the largest libraries to provide research information support in various fields, and a scientific institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences carrying on its own research projects in a number of scientific areas. An important direction of the RASL's activity is science popularization. To satisfy users by information services and to communicate with professionals, social networks are increasingly used. A task of RASL's activities in social networks is informing about the library's possibilities and attracting young readers. Joint analysis of the functionality and user audience of common social networks and library's objectives has justified choosing VKontakte, Facebook, Instagram for RASL's representation in social media. The authors reveal peculiarities of the target audience for each networks, develop the publication plan taking into account the specificity of the target audience and the type of published information. The main RASL's representation in social networks at the initial stage of activity has been chosen VKontakte as the most effective platform in the Russian Internet segment. The paper shows statistical indicators of VKontakte RASL's page got by using the built-in functions of the service (www.vk.com), which permit to analyze the activity for 9 months since the beginning of its work. The obtained demographic and quantitative indicators confirm the activity effectiveness that consists in increasing the visitors’ number at the page. The audience age analysis shows that above 2/3 of readers are young people under 35 years old. This circumstance corresponds to the desired target audience. The official library site analysis based on Google Analytics indicates an increase in the number of visitors to the library website (www.rasl.ru) from social networks.

The article analyzes main aspects of personal data protection in the context of modern library transition to the digitized environment. It represents the algorithm of classifying personal data information system in the library sphere. Authors review the most frequent law violation in the field of personal data protection by the library staff.

The article «Application of Google Trends web-analytic tools in socio-humanitarian and library studies» examines the problems of using web-statistical tools by foreign and domestic experts in the field of library and social sciences. The article is divided into five parts. The first one sets the objective and main tasks of the work, gives a general description of both Google services as a whole, and the chosen research method, discusses the history of its creation and implementation. The second part analyzes the appeal to this method by experts of the International Library Association, demonstrates this method at the IBA session in Kuala Lumpur in 2018. The third part demonstrates the method use in modern socio-humanitarian studies presented in the international full-text Springer Databases Link, Oxford University Press and Sage. The paper considers the works of German and Russian authors actively using this method in library studies. The fourth part describes the capabilities and limitations of the Google Trends toolkit compared to Yandex-Wordstat, its Russian counterpart. The fifth part presents the main conclusions and substantiates the significance of this method for sociological research, sets out prospects for the further use of the Google Trends service to solve current library problems.

The dynamic development of the external technological environment, on the one hand, impacts on libraries questioning their future existence, on the other, helps libraries to work more productively, increases competitiveness and efficiency, expands the range of social projects, develops new ways and forms of work with users taking into account their preferences in information and services. The review is based on over 500 articles searched in the world's largest databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, etc.), which discuss trends and future development of libraries. Then the documents were classified according to sections and types of libraries, as well as advanced technologies. Examples of information technologies were collected and reviewed, as well as articles related to the implementation of information technologies when creating new services, with the emphasis on those that may affect libraries in the future. The latest information technologies that can be applied to the next generation library have been studied. The material is structured in blocks and presented in two parts. Thie 1st one presents such sections as: 1) challenges of the external environment and the future of libraries, 2) modern information technologies in libraries development (mobile technologies and applications, cloud computing, big data, internet of things, virtual and augmented reality, technical innovations, etc.), 4) Library 4.0 concept - new directions for libraries development. The 2nd part of the review article (Bibliosphere, 2019, 1) will touch the following issues: 1) user preferences and new library services (software for information literacy development, research data management, web archiving, etc.), 2) libraries as centers of intellectual leisure, communication platforms, places for learning, co-working, renting equipment, creativity, work, scientific experiments and leisure, 3) smart buildings and smart libraries, 4) future optimism. Based on the content analysis of publications, it is concluded that libraries should not only accumulate resources and provide access to them, but renew existing approaches to forms and content of their activities, as well as goals, missions and prospects for their development using various hard- and software, cloud computing technologies, mobile technologies and apps, social networks, etc.

Currently, the range of information products and services provided remotely is developing and expanding. Modern library users often prefer remote services to traditional forms. The real communication is inferior to virtual one, the popularity of electronic information products is growing. Libraries transform popular traditional products and services into electronic formats. So traditional quizzes, which are popular in libraries, are moving into a new form, become a dynamically developing electronic product. The popularity and demand of multimedia products for modern users led to emerging a wide range of such products in the library practice. Multimedia capabilities combine different forms of information and provide visibility, visual appeal and increase interest among users. The most original of them are the products with interactive features that provide the opportunity to dialogue with users and implement active actions. The most popular are such interactive multimedia products as an electronic interactive exhibition, a multimedia interactive quiz, a video with interactive elements. Libraries can also develop such products without extensive software, hardware and human resources. To ensure the quality of the created interactive multimedia products, it is necessary to study the technology of their preparation. Based on the interactive multimedia works created by students the author considers their features, cases of interactive opportunities realization; characterizes the experience to form of skills of technology of their preparation at bachelors of library and information activity. Actively developing of remote library services using information-communicating technologies, transforming traditional forms into multimedia format contributes to the development of interactive multimedia forms, as well as allows attracting users and increase the demand for documents. Game forms of work with readers are especially relevant for children and youth audience. Development and implementtation of multimedia interactive product is economically less labor-intensive process than the traditional library event.